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• • • • • • In a notice posted in the Federal Register on Monday, the U.S. Federal Highway Administration announced a small change that has huge implications for the nation. The agency terminated an order it had issued back in 2004 approving the use of a new font in highway signs. Now those signs are going to change. By ending its “,” the FHWA reversed its position on Clearview, a font developed to improve highway-sign legibility on the roads.
In 2004, the agency embraced Clearview, based on studies that appeared to demonstrate its superiority, especially in nighttime driving tests. Just 12 years later, the FHWA is changing course: Highway Gothic is the only font for U.S. Highways going forward. The announcement took Donald Meeker by complete surprise. Meeker is one of the designers responsible for the Clearview font (along with James Montalbano).
His firm,, which specializes in environmental graphic design, tested Clearview with the Pennsylvania Transportation Institute at Penn State University over the course of the 1990s. “It’s unfortunate. It’s a shock.
This is a big deal,” Meeker says. A new font for older drivers Clearview was made to improve upon its predecessor, a 1940s font called Highway Gothic, at a time when an aging Baby Boomer generation meant lots of older drivers on the road. Certain letters appeared to pose visibility problems, especially those with tight interstices (or internal spacing)—namely lowercase e, a, and s. At night, any of these reflective letters might appear to be a lowercase o in the glare of headlights. By opening up these letterforms, and mixing lowercase and uppercase styles, Clearview aimed to improve how these reflective highway signs read. (Meeker and Associates) Highway Gothic. (Meeker and Associates) “Helen Keller can tell you from the grave that Clearview looks better,” Meeker says.
At the time, the FHWA agreed. In its 2004 approval memo, the agency noted that Clearview boosted highway-sign legibility for drivers traveling at 45 miles per hour by 80 feet of reading distance—or 1.2 seconds of bonus reading time. Another broad study, performed by the Texas Transportation Institute at Texas A&M University, backed up the results of the Penn State study. Meeker and his colleagues outlined their findings in the.
“What all of the research has shown is that there is a lot about users’ reactions to different types of fonts on wayfinding (and regulatory and warning) signs that we still don’t understand,” says Martin Pietrucha, one of the researchers at the Pennsylvania Transportation Institute who worked on the testing and development of Clearview. “Shutting down any future work in this area sets in stone the idea that any improvement in this area is not possible, or that seeking improvements in this area is not worth the effort. I respectfully disagree.”. An about-(type)face Was everyone wrong? The FHWA explains its about-face on Clearview by pointing to further research after 2004. The boost in legibility, for example, could be attributed to simply replacing older signs with newer signs. “After more than a decade of analysis, we learned—among other things—that Clearview actually compromises the legibility of signs in negative-contrast color orientations, such as those with black letters on white or yellow backgrounds like Speed Limit and Warning signs,” says Doug Hecox, a FHWA spokesperson, in an email.